SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Crean, Jason.

Recent environmental assessments have highlighted the extent of land degradation in Australia and the significant costs involved in addressing it. With projected investment costs running into tens of billions of dollars, it is not surprising that greater attention is now being focussed on who should pay. One idea gathering significant momentum has been the imposition of an environmental levy. Such a levy would raise public funds to be spent on resource degradation issues and has been proposed to work through the taxation system in a similar fashion to the Medicare levy, albeit for a more limited 10 year period. The paper assesses the arguments behind the imposition of an environmental levy and considers some of the issues associated with its effective...

Allocation of property rights in emerging governance models of agricultural cooperatives in Mato Grosso do Sul: a comparative analysis with traditional cooperatives

Palavras-chave: Environment; Cost-sharing; Property rights; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57856

Rev. Econ. Sociol. Rural

Silva,Alessandra Hocayen da; Caleman,Silvia Morales de Queiroz.

Abstract: The discussion about the governance of agricultural cooperatives has emphasized that a better allocation of property rights interferes with the competitiveness of this business model in the increasingly internationalized and deregulated market. This study seeks a greater deepening of the allocation of property rights in agricultural cooperatives in Mato Grosso do Sul/Brazil. The qualitative research was carried out in 4 agricultural cooperatives, two considered an emerging model and two traditional cooperatives. The investigation was conducted through the analysis of minutes of Ordinary General Meetings, statutes, and semi-structured interviews with managers and presidents. It was observed that the agricultural cooperatives, seen as an emerging...

Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article

Palavras-chave: Agricultural cooperatives; Property rights; Emerging models.

Ano: 2021

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-20032021000300210

ANALYSING THE LOW ADOPTION OF WATER CONSERVATION TECHNOLOGIES BY SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA

Perret, Sylvain R.; Stevens, Joe B..

Natural resource degradation and water scarcity are a global concern, which typically threatens the sustainability of smallholder farmers' livelihoods in semi-arid developing areas. As part of research efforts, a number of water-conservation technologies (WCT) have been developed, yet with low adoption rates in smallholder farming environments. This paper discusses the concepts of adoption and innovation, comparing the perspectives of research operators to the ones of smallholder farmers. Discrepancies are highlighted and ultimately explain low uptake of technologies by farmer. Then it addresses socio-economic factors affecting such adoption. It is argued that WCT show specific traits: (1) diversity and applicability to different time and spatial...

Are Traditional Cooperatives an Endangered species? About Shrinking Satisfaction, Involvement and Trust

Palavras-chave: Adoption; Innovation; Water conservation; Technologies; Collective action; Property rights; Sustainability; Livelihoods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18028

Nilsson, Jerker; Kihlen, Anna; Norell, Lennart.

Several researchers, who have observed that traditional cooperatives have difficulties in modern markets, mention a number of behavioral concepts characterizing the members. This study attempts to empirically test these concepts. It is based on a survey among members of a large traditional Swedish cooperative. The members perceive the cooperative to be so large and complex that they have difficulties understanding the operations. Hence, they become dissatisfied and uninvolved, and they mistrust the leadership. Moreover, they do not believe that the cooperative can be remodeled to strengthen member control. The findings support the behavioral explanations presented in prior studies.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agricultural cooperative; Property rights; Satisfaction; Involvement; Trust; Consumer/Household Economics.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92574

ARE WEALTH TRANSFERS BIASED AGAINST GIRLS? GENDER DIFFERENCES IN LAND INHERITANCE AND SCHOOLING INVESTMENT IN GHANA'S WESTERN REGION

Quisumbing, Agnes R.; Payongayong, Ellen M.; Otsuka, Keijiro.

This study attempts to analyze changing patterns of land transfers and schooling investments by gender over three generations in customary land areas of Ghana's Western Region. Although traditional matrilineal inheritance rules deny landownership rights to women, women have increasingly acquired land through gifts and other means, thereby reducing the gender gap in landownership. The gender gap in schooling has also declined significantly, though it persists. We attribute such changes to the increase in women's bargaining power due to an agricultural technology that increased the demand for women's labor, contributing to the reduction of "social" discrimination as well as weak "parental" discrimination.

Asymmetric property rights in China's economic growth

Palavras-chave: Property rights; Land inheritance; Agricultural growth; West Africa; Africa south of Sahara; Wealth transfers; Gender; Ghana; Education; Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60311

Better Rich, or Better There? : Grandparent Wealth, Coresidence, and Intrahousehold Allocation

Zhang, Xiaobo.

This paper highlights the difference between secure investor property rights and loosely defined individual property rights. Globalization and fiscal decentralization have intensified this difference. On the one hand, in the presence of mobile foreign direct investments and under the arrangement of fiscal decentralization, local governments compete vigorously to offer various protections on the property rights of investors; on the other hand, local governments and developers attempt to acquire land at as low price as possible by taking advantage of the loopholes inherent in the Chinese law. Secure investor property rights together with weak protections on individuals’ land property rights is argued to be one of the major drivers of China’s rapid economic...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Property rights; Investments; Economic growth; China; Individual land property; Fiscal policies; Decentralization; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55406

Quisumbing, Agnes R..

This paper uses three-generation retrospective data from the rural Philippines to examine the role of the extended family, proxied by alternative measures of grandparent coresidence, on investments in children. An extension of the wealth model of intergenerational transfers shows that extended family resources may affect transfers to children if parents are credit constrained. Family-level unobservables are important in determining the allocation of education and land between sons and daughters. Both parent and grandparent pre-marriage wealth affect children’s completed schooling levels. Grandparent wealth, however, does not seem to affect the distribution of education between sons and daughters, although it affects the allocation of land. Grandparent...

Broadening the perspective on ocean privatizations: an interdisciplinary social science enquiry

Palavras-chave: Resource Allocation; Gender issues; Education; Gender; Property rights; Household Resource Allocation; Education; Consumer/Household Economics.

Ano: 1997

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97298

ArchiMer

Schlüter, Achim; Bavinck, Maarten; Hadjimichael, Maria; Partelow, Stefan; Said, Alicia; Ertör, Irmak.

Privatization of the ocean, in the sense of defining more exclusive property rights, is taking place in increasingly diverse ways. Because of more intensive and diversified use patterns and increasing sustainability challenges, it is likely that this process will continue into the future. We argue that the nature of privatization varies from one oceanic domain to another. We differentiate four ideal-typical domains: (1) resources, (2) space, (3) governance control, and (4) knowledge, and nine criteria for the assessment of privatization. We apply those criteria to a selection of examples from the realm of marine life (from micro-organisms to fish) to highlight similarities and differences and establish foundations for broader analysis. We aim hereby to...

Tipo: Text

Palavras-chave: Ocean; Privatization; Property rights; Sustainability.

Ano: 2020

URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00648/76050/76994.pdf

Certifying the commons: eco-certification, privatization, and collective action

Ecology and Society

Foley, Paul; Environmental Policy Institute, Memorial University, Grenfell Campus; pfoley@grenfell.mun.ca; McCay, Bonnie; Department of Human Ecology, Rutgers the State University; mccay@AESOP.RUTGERS.EDU.

We examine new dynamics of privatization and collective action in common pool resource situations facilitated by the nonstate multistakeholder institutions of the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC), the global leader in sustainability certification for wild caught seafood. Through a review of the literature and two case studies of fishing cooperatives in Baja California Sur, Mexico and on Fogo Island in the Canadian Province of Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), we advance two interrelated arguments. First, certification and eco-labeling institutions privatize fisheries governance in largely unexamined ways through the injection of new forms of exclusive rights or privileges into common pool resource situations already complicated by access and property...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Baja California Sur Mexico; Collective action; Common pool resources; Commons; Community-based fisheries; Cooperatives; Environmental certification; Environmental governance; Fisheries; Fogo Island Newfoundland and Labrador Canada; Governance; Marine Stewardship Council; MSC; Northern shrimp; Privatization; Property rights; Spiny lobster; Sustainable.

Ano: 2014

Changing Use Patterns, Changing Feedback Links: Implications for Reorganization of Coastal Fisheries Management in the Stockholm Archipelago, Sweden

Ecology and Society

Hammer, Monica; ; monica.hammer@sh.se.

Property rights are important institutions for regulating the use of valuable natural resources from coastal ecosystems. In this case study, we identify and analyze property rights and user patterns related to small-scale coastal fisheries in the Stockholm Archipelago, Sweden. User patterns and user groups have changed significantly over the last century, as commercial fishing has been increasingly replaced by recreational activities. Interviews with local resource users and owners of water properties in two different areas, Möja and Ornö parishes within the Stockholm Archipelago, revealed a very diverse pattern of property and user rights, with a large number of water and fishing rights owners. Recreational fisheries, including both...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Coastal fisheries; Management institutions; Property rights; Social-ecological systems; Stockholm archipelago.

Ano: 2006

Coevolution: Agricultural Practices and Sustainability: Some Major Social and Ecological Issues

Tisdell, Clement A..

Outlines major social and ecological issues involved in the coevolution of social and ecological systems by initially reviewing relevant aspects of the recent literature relating to economic development and their implications for agricultural development. Coevolutionary qualitative-type models are presented. There has been a failure amongst advocates of structural adjustment policies (involving the extension of markets and economic globalisation) to take account of coevolutionary principles and allow for historical differences in the evolution of communities and their varied circumstances. This lack of sensitivity has had unfortunate social and ecological consequences for some communities eg The Russian Federation and subsistence agriculturalists in...

Collective Action and Property Rights for Poverty Reduction: A Review of Methods and Approaches

Palavras-chave: Coevolution; Globalisation; Industrial/commercial agriculture; Property rights; Ecological systems; Social systems; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47991

Mwangi, Esther; Markelova, Helen.

While much attention has been given to examining various aspects of poverty, a number of studies have shown that institutional environment in which the poor exist conditions welfare outcomes, thus highlighting the inherently crucial importance of institutions for poverty reduction. The institutions of property rights and collective action are among those identified as playing a major role in the livelihood strategies of the poor. This paper highlights ways to operationalize the conceptual framework developed by Di Gregorio and colleagues (2008), which provides an analytical tool to study poverty through the institutional lens with a special focus on collective action and property rights. By emphasizing the multidimensionality of poverty, the authors...

Collective Action for Water Harvesting Irrigation in Lerma-Chapala Basin, Mexico

Palavras-chave: Collective action; Property rights; Poverty reduction; Evaluation; Vulnerability; Power; Institutions; Wellbeing; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44355

Scott, Christopher A.; Silva-Ochoa, Paula.

Water and watersheds are difficult to separate for management purposes. Providing irrigation as a supplement to rainfall for crop production requires considerable collective action at the watershed level to mobilize labor and other resources, as well as to make decisions and implement the distribution of benefits. Small- scale water harvesting irrigation systems in Mexico have endured for centuries. They now face considerable challenges with changes in the ejido property rights over land and water, the growing importance of alternative sources of livelihoods, and increasing scarcity and competition for water within the river basins. Two case studies of water harvesting irrigation systems in the Lerma-Chapala Basin illustrate the response of communities to...

Collective Action to Secure Property Rights for the Poor: A Case Study in Jambi Province, Indonesia

Palavras-chave: Irrigation; Watershed; Water harvesting; Water; Collective action; Property rights; Mexico; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50057

Komarudin, Heru; Siagian, Yuliana L.; Colfer, Carol.

This study presents an approach to analyzing decentralized forestry and natural resource management and land property rights issues, and catalyzing collective action among villages and district governments. It focuses on understanding the current policies governing local people’s access to property rights and decision making processes, and learning how collective action among community groups and interaction among stakeholders can enhance local people’s rights over lands, resources, and policy processes for development. The authors applied participatory action research in two villages, one each in the Bungo and Tanjabbar districts of Jambi province (Sumatra), Indonesia, to facilitate identification of priorities through phases of planning, action,...

Community Watershed Management in Semi-Arid India: The State of Collective Action and its Effects on Natural Resources and Rural Livelihood

Palavras-chave: Decentralization; Natural resource management; Forest; Collective action; Property rights; Action research; Indonesia; Food Security and Poverty; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44363

Shiferaw, Bekele A.; Kebede, Tewodros A.; Reddy, V. Ratna.

Spatial and temporal attributes of watersheds and the associated market failures that accelerate degradation of agricultural and environmental resources require innovative institutional arrangements for coordinating use and management of resources. Effective collective action (CA) allows smallholder farmers to jointly invest in management practices that provide collective benefits in terms of economic and sustainability gains. The Government of India takes integrated watershed management (IWM) as a key strategy for improving productivity and livelihoods in the rain-fed and drought-prone regions. This study investigates the institutional and policy issues that limit effective participation of people in community watershed programs and identifies key...

Deforestation and Capital Accumulation: Lessons from the Upper Kerinci Region, Indonesia

Palavras-chave: Collective action; Institutions; Property rights; Watershed management; Poverty; Environmental impacts; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44358

Wibowo, Dradjad H.; Tisdell, Clement A.; Byron, R. Neil.

Democracy, Property Rights, Income Equality, and Corruption

Palavras-chave: Indonesia; Deforestation; Property rights; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 1997

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53632

Dong, Bin; Torgler, Benno.

This paper presents theoretical and empirical evidence on the nexus between corruption and democracy. We establish a political economy model where the effect of democracy on corruption is conditional on income distribution and property rights protection. Our empirical analysis with cross-national panel data provides evidence that is consistent with the theoretical prediction. Moreover, the effect of democratization on corruption depends on the protection of property rights and income equality which shows that corruption is a nonlinear function of these variables. The results indicate that democracy will work better as a control of corruption if the property rights system works and there is a low level of income inequality. On the other hand if property...

Die regionale Agrarumweltpolitik in Deutschland unter dem Einfluss der Förderangebote der Europäischen Union

Palavras-chave: Corruption; Democracy; Income inequality; Property rights; Political Economy; D73; H11; P16.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99685

Osterburg, Bernhard; Stratmann, Ursula.

The article addresses the role the European Union plays in the agri-environmental policy and considers the co-financing of agri-environmental programmes in Germany. First, the development of measures taken under this policy is described from the 1980ies until the present Agenda 2000, taking especially into account the effects of financial promotion by the EU. In addition, a view on nature conservation and water protection reveals the sometimes conflicting interactions between agri-environmental measures and other areas and instruments of environmental policy. In a second part, three sections describe identified problems resulting from the influence of the EU: the effects on the choice and design of agri-environmental policy instruments in the Federal...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental programmes; Reg. (EEC) 2078/92; Reg. (EC) 1257/99; Nature conservation; Water protection; Subsidiarity; Property rights; Income effects; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98258

DIREITOS DE PROPRIEDADE, INVESTIMENTOS E CONFLITOS DE TERRA NO BRASIL

Nascimento, Vivian Ester De Souza; Saes, Maria Sylvia Macchione.

A partir da segunda metade da década de noventa, após a fase de reestruturação e modernização da produção agrícola, as questões econômicas pertinentes aos conflitos de terra no Brasil ganharam maior grau de complexidade em virtude de significativas mudanças institucionais e das incertezas sobre os direitos de propriedade geradas com o aumento das disputas entre proprietários de terras, posseiros, organizações de movimentos sociais, indígenas, quilombolas, ambientalistas e organismos governamentais. Dentro desse contexto sócio-econômico, a presente pesquisa objetivou investigar um tipo específico de conflito fundiário referente ao processo de invasões (ocupações) de terras em propriedades rurais, realizadas por organizações de movimentos sociais. A...